Processing performance of stainless steel processing parts

First, the analysis of stainless steel material characteristics

Stainless steel, as one of the widely used materials in modern industry, has many unique properties. First of all, its most prominent feature is excellent corrosion resistance. Thanks to the addition of chromium in the alloy, a dense oxide film can be formed on the surface of stainless steel, which can effectively resist the corrosion of corrosive media such as water vapor, acid and alkali in the external environment, and is widely used in food processing, marine engineering and other fields with high requirements for corrosion resistance.

Secondly, stainless steel has good strength and toughness. Different types of stainless steel, such as austenitic stainless steel and martensitic stainless steel, have different performances in strength and toughness. Austenitic stainless steel has moderate strength and excellent toughness, and is not easy to break under certain impact load. It is often used to manufacture shells of precision instruments and pipe fittings. After proper heat treatment, the strength of martensitic stainless steel can be greatly improved, which can meet the requirements of hardness and wear resistance of tools and mechanical parts.

Furthermore, the high temperature performance of stainless steel is stable. In the high temperature environment, it can still maintain good mechanical properties and will not soften as quickly as some ordinary metals, which has won it a place in the fields of aerospace, high temperature furnace parts manufacturing and so on.

Second, the research of cutting performance

(1) the key points of tool selection

Due to the high strength and toughness of stainless steel, higher requirements are put forward for cutting tools. When processing ordinary stainless steel, cemented carbide tools are a common choice. It has high hardness and strong wear resistance, and can effectively deal with the cutting resistance of stainless steel. For example, when turning stainless steel shaft parts, selecting suitable cemented carbide coated tools can further improve the wear resistance and lubricity of tools, reduce tool wear and prolong tool life.

For some special stainless steels with high strength and hardness, such as precipitation hardening stainless steel, ceramic tools or cubic boron nitride tools are more suitable. These superhard tools can keep sharp under high-speed cutting conditions and ensure machining accuracy, but they also require higher rigidity and stability of machine tools.

(2) Optimization of cutting parameters

Reasonable setting of cutting parameters is very important for stainless steel processing. In terms of cutting speed, compared with ordinary carbon steel, stainless steel has poor thermal conductivity and is not easy to dissipate heat. Too high cutting speed can easily lead to overheating and wear of tools and even deformation of workpieces, so it is usually necessary to reduce the cutting speed appropriately.

The matching of feed and cutting depth also needs fine adjustment. If the feed rate is too large, the cutting force will increase sharply, which may cause the tool to collapse and the surface quality of the workpiece to decrease. Too deep cutting depth will also bring similar problems. Generally, small feed and moderate cutting depth are adopted to ensure machining efficiency and machining quality. For example, when milling stainless steel plates to make molds, cutting parameters are optimized by trial cutting for many times to achieve ideal surface roughness and dimensional accuracy.

Third, processing technology difficulties and countermeasures

(1) Work hardening problem

Stainless steel is prone to work hardening in the cutting process, that is, the surface hardness of the workpiece is greatly improved, which brings great difficulties to the subsequent processing. In order to overcome this problem, intermittent cutting can be used to make the tool stop for a short time in the cutting process, so that the heat on the surface of the workpiece can be dissipated and the degree of work hardening can be alleviated. At the same time, reasonable selection of tool geometry angle and increase of rake angle can reduce cutting force and work hardening.

(2) Surface quality assurance

In order to obtain good surface quality, besides optimizing cutting parameters, cooling and lubrication can not be ignored. Because of the high viscosity of stainless steel, it is easy to produce chip lump when cutting, which affects the surface smoothness. Using cutting fluid containing extreme pressure additives can effectively reduce the cutting temperature, reduce the generation of chip lumps, ensure the surface of parts to be smooth and smooth, and meet the demand of industries such as medical equipment and precision electronic equipment for the harsh surface quality of stainless steel parts.

Stainless steel processing parts play a key role in various industries by virtue of their unique advantages in materials. Only by deeply understanding its processing performance and optimizing processing technology can we fully tap the application potential of stainless steel and promote the continuous development of modern manufacturing industry.

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